![]() ![]() Under natural conditions, germination rates are approximately 70%. This species is a prolific seeder with the potential to produce between 7000 and 10,000 seeds per plant in just one season ( Zouhar, 2005 Silva et al., 2008). junceum begins to produce seeds when plants are two to three years old. It is predominantly a xenogamous (outcrossed) species and its flowers are pollinated by insects, particularly bees ( López et al., 1999 Zouhar, 2005). Its flowers are hermaphroditic, zygomorphic, yellow in colour and borne in terminal clusters or racemes. junceum is a fast-growing, perennial shrub that can live for up to 30 years. Terrestrial|Terrestrial ‑ Natural / Semi-natural|Scrub / shrublands Terrestrial|Terrestrial ‑ Natural / Semi-natural|Rocky areas / lava flows Terrestrial|Terrestrial ‑ Natural / Semi-natural|Natural grasslands Terrestrial|Terrestrial ‑ Natural / Semi-natural|Natural forests Terrestrial|Terrestrial – Managed|Urban / peri-urban areas Terrestrial|Terrestrial – Managed|Rail / roadsides Terrestrial|Terrestrial – Managed|Disturbed areas It is also listed as “possibly invasive” in the Dominican Republic. Currently, it is listed as invasive in the USA, the Canary Islands, the Azores, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay and South Africa. The species is also nitrogen-fixing and capable of altering soil fertility, nutrient cycling and successional patterns. These dense thickets outcompete and displace native species and increase fuel load for fires. junceum forms dense, monospecific thickets that are impenetrable and unpalatable to most wildlife. Seed germination is triggered by soil disturbance and fire. It also has adaptations to grow in a wide range of habitats and soil types with tolerance to severe drought conditions. junceum is a prolific seed producer, with abundant and persistent seed banks, high rates of germination and seedling establishment. It has escaped from cultivation and become an aggressive invader in many tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. It does not store any personal data.Spartium junceum is a fast-growing shrub, widely introduced as an ornamental and also for erosion control. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It works only in coordination with the primary cookie. Records the default button state of the corresponding category & the status of CCPA. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin, this cookie is used to record the user consent for the cookies in the "Advertisement" category. This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. ![]() Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ![]()
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